Sunday Morning Greek Blog

November 9, 2025

Resurrection Realities (Luke 20:27–38)

Filed under: 1 Corinthians,1 Thessalonians,2 Thessalonians,Eschatology,Hebrews,Luke Gospel of,Matthew Gospel of,Resurrection — Scott Stocking @ 4:16 pm
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The Lord be with you.

What will the resurrection be like? A similar question that some may have is, “What will Heaven be like?”

Our passage this morning opens the gates of pearl for us just a bit to give us a glimpse into life in our eternal home. We will also look at the epistle reading today a little later from 2 Thessalonians and other relevant passages to get a wider perspective of what the Bible says about life beyond the grave.

Before we get there, however, let’s take a look at our reading from Luke.

The first verse of our passage sets the context for us. The Sadducees are questioning Jesus about the resurrection, trying to trick him into some logical trap. But of course, Jesus knows what they’re up to. The Sadducees were different from the Pharisees in several ways, but the biggest difference is that the Sadducees strictly adhered to the Pentateuch, the first five books of the OT, so ALL of their theological beliefs derived from the Pentateuch. Anything that happened in the OT after that was judged in the light of the Pentateuch.

The Pentateuch, however, never explicitly mentions resurrection or anyone rising from the dead, so the Sadducees rejected the concept of the resurrection outright. Not only that, they by default rejected any concept of eternal punishment or eternal reward. If there’s no resurrection, who would be around to get punished or rewarded? They also rejected the concept of angels or any kind of spiritual realm other than that which God inhabited. This made for a very legalistic and moralistic interpretation of Scripture, because only in this life could you be rewarded for believing in God and following Torah. So, as the line we often teach to children, this is why they were sad, you see.

One interesting historical note here: the Sadducees were not a very large group. Josephus tells us that the Sadducees disappeared after the destruction of Jerusalem in AD 70. It seems like some sort of divine providence had a hand in the Sadducees rising up at the precise time in history when Jesus appeared so we’d have a record of the antiresurrection group and some examples of how to defend resurrection theology from the Old Testament.

The Sadducees try to trip Jesus up with a question about Levirate marriage, that is, the concept of the responsibility of a younger brother to provide an heir if their oldest brother failed to do so through the elder brother’s wife. That seems like a strange concept to us in the 21st Century, but in those days, it was necessary to preserve family history and property. The Sadducees go through the progression of all the brothers and the wife dying and ask Jesus whose wife she will be.

Jesus’s response is not what they expected. He basically says that marriage is strictly an earthly institution and will not be a factor in heaven. I imagine it is hard for us to grasp that concept. Jesus does seem to imply that we will recognize people we knew on earth by making the point about Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, but he also says we will be like the angels as well. So it seems reasonable we would be reunited with loved ones.

At the end of Jesus’s explanation, some of the teachers of the law (not the Sadducees) praised Jesus for his answer. Very likely that was because the burning bush reference was from the Pentateuch, the only part of the Bible the Sadducees used for doctrine. In other words, Jesus essentially embarrassed the Sadducees by showing them they don’t understand a basic principle from the Pentateuch they revere so much.

Now when Jesus says those in Heaven will be “like the angels” needs some special consideration here. Paul uses a single word, an adjective, here that means “angel-like” (ἰσάγγελος isangelos). It’s the only time this word is used in the Bible. The implication here is not necessarily that they are of the same make-up of the angels, otherwise he would have used the regular word for angel. They are “angel-like” because they will never die. I still think we retain basic human form, but our bodies will be transformed into immortal material. Here’s how Paul words it in 1 Corinthians 15:

38 But God gives it a body as he has determined, and to each kind of seed he gives its own body. 39 Not all flesh is the same: People have one kind of flesh, animals have another, birds another and fish another. 40 There are also heavenly bodies and there are earthly bodies; but the splendor of the heavenly bodies is one kind, and the splendor of the earthly bodies is another.[1]

…

42 So will it be with the resurrection of the dead. The body that is sown is perishable, it is raised imperishable; 43 it is sown in dishonor, it is raised in glory; it is sown in weakness, it is raised in power; 44 it is sown a natural body, it is raised a spiritual body.

If there is a natural body, there is also a spiritual body.[2]

So we humans will have our own unique spiritual bodies in eternity distinct from the type of bodies angels have. I can’t prove what I’m about to say, but I’ve given considerable thought to what Paul means by comparing our bodies to a “seed.” Did you know that human DNA can survive long after the body is gone through the natural decomposition process? I have to wonder if that scientific fact about DNA has any relationship to our resurrection bodies. In other words, does our DNA contain a “divine code” that is activated at the final resurrection to reconstitute our bodies into their eternal, spiritual form? We often wonder if we will recognize others in Heaven. Wouldn’t DNA accomplish that? Now again, I’m just speculating here; I have no proof of this. God could just as easily use some other method to distinguish our appearance. But I think it is an interesting proposition worth dwelling on. My “Bones” article on my blog addresses this subject, and it’s been the second-most popular post this year, so there seems to be quite a bit of interest in the topic.

Paul addresses how we arrive at that day of resurrection. In 1 Thessalonians 4 and 5, we have these words from Paul:

13 Brothers and sisters, we do not want you to be uninformed about those who sleep in death, so that you do not grieve like the rest of mankind, who have no hope. 14 For we believe that Jesus died and rose again, and so we believe that God will bring with Jesus those who have fallen asleep in him. 15 According to the Lord’s word, we tell you that we who are still alive, who are left until the coming of the Lord, will certainly not precede those who have fallen asleep.[3]

…

4 But you, brothers and sisters, are not in darkness so that this day should surprise you like a thief. 5 You are all children of the light and children of the day. We do not belong to the night or to the darkness. 6 So then, let us not be like others, who are asleep, but let us be awake and sober.[4]

In 2 Thessalonians, the epistle reading from today’s Lectionary, Paul assures his readers that certain things must happen before the Lord returns for us:

2 Concerning the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ and our being gathered to him, we ask you, brothers and sisters, 2 not to become easily unsettled or alarmed by the teaching allegedly from us—whether by a prophecy or by word of mouth or by letter—asserting that the day of the Lord has already come. 3 Don’t let anyone deceive you in any way, for that day will not come until the rebellion occurs and the man of lawlessness is revealed, the man doomed to destruction. 4 He will oppose and will exalt himself over everything that is called God or is worshiped, so that he sets himself up in God’s temple, proclaiming himself to be God.[5]

This “man of lawlessness,” also known as the Antichrist, must be revealed at some point before the end comes. People have postulated that many historical and current figures have been the Antichrist. You can do a Google search and find out who those folks are; I won’t get into that here. But the call is not for us to be able to identify who this Antichrist is. The call is for us to be ready for that day.

Matthew 24:42–44 puts it this way:

42 “Therefore keep watch, because you do not know on what day your Lord will come. 43 But understand this: If the owner of the house had known at what time of night the thief was coming, he would have kept watch and would not have let his house be broken into. 44 So you also must be ready, because the Son of Man will come at an hour when you do not expect him.[6]

In the very next chapter we have the parable of the sheep and the goats at the judgment seat. Most of us are familiar with that story. Hebrews 9:27–28 says we all must face judgment, but if we are living our lives in and for Christ we have an absolute guarantee of salvation:

27 Just as people are destined to die once, and after that to face judgment, 28 so Christ was sacrificed once to take away the sins of many; and he will appear a second time, not to bear sin, but to bring salvation to those who are waiting for him.[7]

The judgment scene from Matthew 25 confirms this: those who are ministering to the poor and needy and who are sharing the good news of Christ not just in word but in deed as well will enter into that resurrection reward. I’m confident that you here at Mount View are all running a good race and will cross over into glory on that final day. I pray that you will have the strength to continue to do so and reap a great harvest for the kingdom of God.

God is good. God is faithful. And whether he returns before or after our final day on earth, we can know that our final destination is the place he’s prepared for us in eternity. May the peace of God go with you all today. Amen!

[1] The New International Version. 2011. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan.

[2] The New International Version. 2011. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan.

[3] The New International Version. 2011. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan.

[4] The New International Version. 2011. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan.

[5] The New International Version. 2011. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan.

[6] The New International Version. 2011. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan.

[7] The New International Version. 2011. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan.

November 5, 2015

Jesus, the Bible, Taxes, and Charity: Part 2

Filed under: 2 Thessalonians,Acts,Biblical Studies,Government,New Testament — Scott Stocking @ 9:58 pm
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Related articles:

Jesus, the Bible, Taxes, and Charity, Part 1 | Sunday Morning Greek Blog

Jesus, the Bible, Taxes, and Charity: Part 3 | Sunday Morning Greek Blog

In the previous post, we looked at how the greedy heir of Solomon wanted to impose even greater financial burden on the people of Israel, wealthy and poor alike. In fact, if Israel was working the way it was supposed to, there would be very few poor, if any in Israel. Deuteronomy 15 talks about the “year of cancelling debts,” which was to happen every seven years. Anyone who has ever felt the burden of great debt knows how that weighs on the soul and drains the livelihood out of life. Fortunately, our society has a mechanism to allow this freedom from debt: bankruptcy. Some Christians might say it’s a sin to not pay off your debts, but I believe God understood human nature well enough even in the days before MasterCard to establish a means for that kind of freedom.

Aiding the Poor, Old Testament Style

Care for the poor has always been the responsibility of the people of God. It was virtually unheard of that a government in biblical times would have considered the kind of wealth redistribution we practice in America today. As early as Leviticus 19, God was commanding the Israelite people, NOT the rulers, to make accommodations for the poor. “Do not reap the very edges of your field” (v. 9); “Do not go over your vineyard a second time or pick up the grapes that have fallen. Leave them for the poor and the foreigner” (v. 10); “When a foreigner resides among you in your land, do not mistreat them…[They] must be treated as your native-born. Love them as yourself, for you were foreigners in Egypt” (vv. 33–34). (“Foreigners in the land” is quite different from illegal aliens today, but that will have to wait for another post.)

The Psalms and Proverbs are full of blessings for the poor and warnings about oppressing or mistreating them. There are even verses about God defending the cause of the poor and the orphans. But never once in Scripture will you find God or the biblical writers ever encouraging political leaders to extract money from the rich to give to the poor. Meeting the needs of the poor is always a voluntary compassionate effort. Wealth redistribution, on the other hand, is neither voluntary nor compassionate, unless you consider those who could be working to be voluntarily unemployed!

Aiding the Poor, New Testament Style

When we get to Acts in the New Testament, we see almost immediately a community that voluntarily shares their possessions or sells them to meet the needs of their newfound family of faith. Acts 2:44–45 says, “All the believers were together and had everything in common. They sold property and possessions to give to anyone who had need.” No taxation, no big brother government taking from the rich, keeping their own cut, then redistributing to the poor. It was a self-sustained community. Acts 4 continues the theme. In fact, they took the voluntary nature of giving so seriously, that when Ananias and Sapphira sold a field and lied to God about having given the entire sale price, they were struck dead! Peter even asks Ananias the question he never got to answer: “Wasn’t the money at your disposal?” (Acts 5:4).

The seriousness with which the young church handled charity is further seen in Acts 6. There was a complaint that the Greek Jewish widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. (Widows were an especially vulnerable demographic group, because family, if they were nearby, were their only means of support otherwise.) The disciples recognized the Old Testament principles discussed above and chose seven men of character and integrity to oversee the distribution.

But as far as charity goes in the New Testament, freeloaders need not apply. Paul is very clear about his attitude toward those who can work but don’t, even to the point of implying that they are thieves. “Anyone who has been stealing must steal no longer, but must work, doing something useful with their own hands, that they may have something to share with those in need” (Ephesians 4:28); “The one who is unwilling to work shall not eat” (2 Thessalonians 3:10b; 3:6–14 is an extended warning about idleness). Even Paul himself worked at his own trade to pay his own way as he ministered across the northern Mediterranean region.

The Lesson for Today

Taking charity out of the hands of a bloated, corrupt government and reenergizing the church to fulfill its biblical calling to care for the poor is the absolute best thing we can do to fight poverty in our nation. The local church can do a much better job of weeding out frauds and phonies than the government ever will do. Here’s something to chew on: Medicare and Medicaid are number 1 and 3 when it comes to improper payments for government programs. Medicaid’s 2014 overpayments were $17.5 billion (that’s billion, with a b); NASA’s 2014 budget was $17.6 billion! And Medicare’s improper payments were beyond the reach of NASA: almost $46 billion. [AUTHOR’S NOTE 02/11/26: To get to the Medicare and Medicaid data, you have to download the 2015 dataset. NASA only went back to 2015.]

Much of that is fraud and abuse, but even with program integrity efforts, it’s difficult to keep up with all the schemes perpetrated out there. But improper payments also reflect payments made that technically should not have been made because of honest human error, that is, someone didn’t dot their I’s and cross their T’s. Medicare and Medicaid regulations are about as thick as, if not thicker than, the tax code! So some providers who make an honest attempt help the poor and needy by accepting Medicare and Medicaid patients wind up losing money on the deal because it’s so hard to keep up with the ever-changing regulatory climate and the 55,000 new ICD-10 codes! Handling these things on the local level helps deal with fraud and abuse much more efficiently, because hopefully you know the people in your community.

Food banks, food pantries, and local shelters and “soup kitchens” run by the church or other charitable groups have the potential to be far more efficient than a government-run welfare program. I’ve seen many churches and religious groups get very creative in the things they do to help the poor and needy. You can find ministries that do everything from providing food and shelter to job training to medical care and legal services. And in some cases, big brother Government has stepped in and squelched their generosity by imposing a bunch of needless regulations and rules. The government that’s supposed to be of the people, by the people, and for the people has become a self-perpetuating behemoth swallowing up the people. It’s time for the church to rise up and reclaim the biblical principles of charity. Let’s show the world we’re not afraid of the politically correct bullies.

Pastor Scott Stocking, M.Div.

The views expressed in my blog are my own. Period.

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